India’s Vulnerability to Earthquakes: A Closer Look at Major Seismic Events

On January 7, 2025, a 7.1 magnitude earthquake struck southern Tibet, significantly affecting northern India. Countries like China and Indonesia experience the most seismic activity, with India ranking seventh in major earthquakes from 1990 to early 2024. The article highlights India’s vulnerability to earthquakes due to its geographical position and construction practices, emphasizing the need for ongoing vigilance.

As the world entered 2025, a powerful earthquake measuring 7.1 on the Richter scale struck southern Tibet near the Nepal border, significantly impacting northern India, particularly Bihar. This earthquake occurred on January 7, 2025, at 6:35 AM, marking the strongest tremor in the region since the devastating 2015 Nepal earthquake, which led to approximately 10,000 deaths.

Asian countries, especially China, Indonesia, and Japan, face considerable seismic risks, with Indonesia accounting for the highest number of earthquake events globally. According to research from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), Indonesia experienced 2,212 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or higher, outpacing Mexico and the Philippines in seismic frequency.

In an assessment of major earthquakes from 1990 to early 2024, data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) indicates that China leads with 186 significant earthquakes, followed by Indonesia with 166, and Iran with 109. Japan ranks fourth with 98 major earthquakes, while India holds the seventh position with 58 significant seismic events.

India’s geographical location at the intersection of multiple tectonic plates contributes to its susceptibility to earthquakes. The nation’s rapid population growth exacerbates the risk due to unregulated construction practices. Reports from the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) suggest that nearly 59 percent of India is at risk of moderate to severe seismic activity. Historically, the Himalayan region has experienced devastating earthquakes, including four notable quakes in the last fifty years that exceeded a magnitude of 8.0.

This article examines the seismic activity experienced by various countries, particularly focusing on the recent earthquake that struck southern Tibet and northern India. High earthquake magnitudes in regions such as China, Indonesia, and Japan demonstrate the global challenges posed by these natural disasters. Furthermore, India’s ranking as the seventh most earthquake-prone country highlights the ongoing risks faced due to its geographical positioning and construction vulnerabilities. The article consolidates data from reputable sources like NOAA and USGS to analyze trends in tectonic activity worldwide, especially the impacts on human settlements.

In conclusion, India is indeed among the countries significantly affected by earthquakes, ranking seventh in terms of major seismic events between 1990 and 2024. The recent earthquake in Bihar underscores the ongoing threat posed to the region. With a geographical setting conducive to seismic activity, Indian authorities must remain vigilant regarding urban planning and construction regulations to mitigate the impact of future earthquakes. The analysis reveals critical insights into global earthquake trends and the need for continued disaster preparedness in vulnerable nations.

Original Source: indianexpress.com