Impact of Climate Change on Avalanche Behavior in Switzerland by 2100

A study predicts that climate change will reduce overall avalanche activity in Switzerland but increase the risk of wet snow avalanches due to warming temperatures. Experts advocate closing ski resorts in high-risk areas as a crucial safety measure. Although dry snow avalanches may decrease, extreme snowfall events could still produce larger avalanches at elevated locations, potentially impacting valleys.

Climate change is anticipated to lead to a reduction in the overall occurrence of avalanches in Switzerland, while simultaneously heightening the risk of wet snow avalanches by the year 2100. Researchers from the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF) have indicated that with an expected rise in average winter temperatures of approximately five degrees Celsius, dry snow avalanches are expected to decrease in frequency. However, the frequency of wet snow avalanches, characterized by the partial melting of the snowpack due to rain or warm temperatures, is projected to increase, particularly above the treeline. In light of these changes, experts have recommended that one of the most effective safety measures would be to close ski resorts located in avalanche-prone zones. Though the overall avalanche activity is set to decline, the report notes the likelihood of extreme snowfall events, which could produce larger avalanches at higher elevations. These avalanches, if funneled correctly, might still reach valley locations, mirroring current patterns.

The study of the impact of climate change on avalanche behavior in Switzerland stems from an urgent need to understand how global warming is altering environmental conditions. Given the complexity of snowpack interactions and climatic variables, the SLF focused its investigation on seven specific locations within Switzerland, including popular areas such as Davos and Zermatt. This research is particularly relevant not only for Switzerland but also for other alpine regions facing similar climatic changes, as it provides insights that could inform future safety measures in mountainous terrains.

In summary, climate change is expected to bring about significant alterations in avalanche dynamics in Switzerland by 2100. While the overall number of avalanches may decrease, the risk associated with wet snow avalanches is projected to rise, necessitating proactive measures in at-risk areas. This growing concern emphasizes the need for adaptive strategies, especially for ski resorts, to ensure the safety of winter sports enthusiasts and mitigate potential hazards associated with severe weather events.

Original Source: www.swissinfo.ch