Climate Change to Influence Avalanche Behavior in Switzerland by 2100

Climate change is anticipated to result in fewer avalanches in Switzerland overall by 2100; however, the risk of wet snow avalanches is predicted to increase due to higher temperatures. While dry snow avalanches will decline, extreme weather events could still cause larger avalanches at higher altitudes that may reach valley locations. The findings call for revised safety measures in vulnerable ski areas.

Climate change is predicted to modify the behavior of avalanches in Switzerland by the year 2100. While overall avalanche occurrences may decrease, the risk of wet snow avalanches is expected to rise significantly. Researchers from the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF) identified that wet snow avalanches, resulting from water inflow into the snowpack, will likely increase above the tree line. Contrarily, dry snow avalanches are forecasted to diminish, particularly as average winter temperatures may increase by approximately five degrees Celsius within this timeframe. The elevation of temperatures will lead to a higher snow line and reduced snow coverage, resulting in fewer avalanches reaching valley areas. However, extreme snowfall events could still occur, potentially resulting in larger avalanches at higher altitudes. If these avalanches flow through specific channels, they could still impact lower areas, similar to current occurrences. SLF’s research investigated the implications of climate change on avalanche activity across multiple locations in Switzerland, including the Weissfluhjoch region near Davos and an observation station at 2,700 meters near Zermatt.

Switzerland’s mountainous terrain is significantly affected by climate change, which has implications for avalanche behavior. This research highlights the complexity of how warming temperatures could simultaneously reduce some types of avalanches while increasing others. Understanding the projected changes in avalanche dynamics is crucial for developing safety strategies in the ski industry and managing the risks associated with winter sports. The findings reinforce the necessity for adaptive measures to protect lives and property in vulnerable areas.

In conclusion, climate change is expected to lead to a reduction in overall avalanche activity in Switzerland, yet an increase in the frequency of wet snow avalanches represents a notable concern for the future. As temperatures rise, safety protocols may need to be adjusted, emphasizing the importance of closing ski resorts in high-risk zones. Continued research and monitoring will be essential to understand and manage the evolving risks associated with avalanches in the Alpine region.

Original Source: www.swissinfo.ch